Final Examination Review
History/252/Kilgroe Spring 2007
World War I
Coming of War in Europe
June-August 1914 [Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand; European Mobilization]
Underlying Causes of War [European Alliance System; Anglo-German Rivalry; Arms Race]
WW1: The Great War 1914-1918
Belligerents [Central Powers; Allies]
Naval War [British Blockade; German Submarine Warfare (Lusitania 1915)]
Land War [Western Front (Trench Warfare, Mustard Gas, Machine Guns, Battle of Somme 1916)]
Russian Revolution 1917 [Lenin & Bolsheviks (Czar Nicolas II & his Family; Allied Intervention
in Russia 1918-21]
Peace [Armistice, November 11, 1918]
Am Entry into War April 1917
Zimmerman Telegram 1917 [Mexico & Germany]
American war aims [Wilson ("Peace without Victory, "World Made Safe for Democracy");
American Expeditionary Force-AEF]
Fourteen Points 1918 [Wilson's New World Order (Self-determination); League of Nations)]
War at Home
Ensuring National Unity [100% Americanism Campaign (German-Americans)]
Suppressing Dissent [Espionage Act 1917; Sabotage Act-Sedition Acts 1918; Eugene Debs;
Schenck vs. United States 1919 (“Clear and present danger”)]
Paris Peace Conference 1919
Negotiating the Peace [Big Four & Wilson's Fourteen Points (Germany; Shandong); A "New” Europe)]
Treaty of Versailles (Paris) 1919 [League of Nations]
Battle for the Treaty at Home (Wilson/US Senate (Article X)]
Aftermath of War 1919-1920
Red Scare 1919-1920 [Strikes; Palmer Raids (J. Edgar Hoover, Arrests & Deportations ("Soviet Ark");
Sacco & Vanzetti]
Spanish Influenza Pandemic 1918-19
Black Scare ["Great Migration" (Race Riots); "Red Summer” 1919 (Chicago)]
Twenties
Politics
Republican Era [Warren G. Harding ("Normalcy"); Calvin Coolidge; Herbert Hoover]
Modernists
Modernism & Science [Einstein; Freud; Marx; Darwin]
Alienated Writers & Intellectuals [Lost Generation (Ernest Hemingway /F. Scott Fitzgerald); William
Faulkner; T. S. Eliot (The Wasteland)]
Social Critics [H. L. Mencken]
Harlem Renaissance [Writers & poets (Langston Hughes); Jazz; Painint (Jacob Lawrence)]
Black Nationalism [Marcus Garvey (United Negro Improvement Association-UNIA)]
"New" Woman [Flappers; Revolution in Manners & Morals (Freud); Margaret Sanger/Birth Control)]
Traditionalists
Nativism [National Origins Acts 1921-1929 (Immigration Restrictions Aimed at Eastern & Southern
Europeans/Asians)]
Ku Klux Klan [Defenders of Traditional Values (Anti-Catholic/Anti-Semetic)]
Religious Fundamentalism [Scopes Trial; Darwin's Theory of Evolution]
Prohibition (18th Amendment) [Volstead Act; Illegal Alcohol; Organized Crime (Scarface Al Capone)]
Prosperity of the 1920s
Sources of Prosperity [Consumer Spending; Construction; Automobile]
Heroes [Charles Lindbergh (Spirit of St. Louis /"Lone Eagle")]
Consumerism [Advertising (Washing Machines/Vacuum Cleaners)]
Mass Produced Automobile [Henry Ford (Model T, Moving Assembly line, Buying on Time);
"Good Roads" Movement]
Labor & Management [Welfare Capitalism; "American Plan"(Company Unions); Yellow Dog Contracts]
The Great Depression
Underlying Causes of the Depression [Over Expansion /Under Consumption; Structural Weaknesses;
Stock Speculation]
Wall Street Crash [Black Tuesday-October 29, 1929]
Herbert Hoover & the Depression [Hoovervilles; Bonus Expeditionary Force-BEF 1932 (General MacArthur)]
"Riding the Rails;" [1931 Scottsboro Boys]
Dust Bowl Refugees [Drought & Great Plains; John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath]
Cruelest Year-1932 [Hoovervilles; Bread lines; Soup kitchens; Mass Unemployment (25-30 %)]
The New Deal
Election of 1932
Hoover v. FDR [Brain Trust]
First New Deal, 1933-1935 (1st Hundred Days)
Immediate Measures [Emergency Banking Act 1933 (Bank Holiday); FDR's Fireside Chats;
Repeal of Prohibition]
Agricultural Recovery [1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act-AAA; Supreme Court 1936]
Industrial Recovery [1933 National Industrial Recovery Act-NIRA ["Blue Eagle;" Public Works Administration-
PWA; Section7A; Supreme Court 1935 ]
Regional Planning [1933 Tennessee Valley Authority-TVA (Dams/Electricity/Control of Flooding/Fair Utility Rates)]
Banking Reforms [1933 Glass-Steagall Act (FDIC); 1933 Truth in Securities Act (Securities & Exchange Commission-SEC)]
Federal Relief [1933 Federal Emergency Relief Act-CWA (Harry Hopkins; Civilian Conservation Corps-CCC]
New Deal Opponents [Right (Liberty League); Left (Communist /Socialists (Upton Sinclair/EPIC)]
Neo-Populist Protests [Dr. Francis Townsend; Father Charles Coughlin; Huey Long (Kingfish; Share our Wealth societies
("Everyman a king")]
2nd New Deal, 1935-1937 (2nd Hundred Days)
Agriculture (Cont) [1935 Rural Electrification Act; Agricultural Adjustment Act 1938]
Banking Reforms [Revenue Act 1935 ("Soak the Rich")]
Federal Relief [Works Progress Administration-WPA /Harry Hopkins
(Federal Arts, Writer’s, Theatre Projects)]
Social Security Act 1935 [Modern Welfare State; Unemployment Insurance;
Old Age Pensions]
Labor & the New Deal [National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) 1935; Fair
Labor Standards Act 1938 (Minimum Wage/Child labor)]
Industrial Unionism [1938 Congress of Industrial Organizations-CIO (John L.
Lewis); Sit-down strike (UAW) 1936]
New Deal in Disarray: (1937-1939)
Supreme Court & New Deal [FDR's Court Packing Scheme 1937]
Roosevelt Recession [Keynesian economics (Deficit Spending)]
World War II
Coming of WW II in Europe
Rise of European Fascism [Germany (Hitler); Italy (Mussolini)]
European Crises [Italian Invasion of Ethiopia 1935; German Occupation of
Rhineland 1936; Spanish Civil War 1936]
1938 Munich Crisis [Appeasement; Czechoslovakia]
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact August 1939]
Coming of WW II in Asia
Japan in Asia [Manchurian Incident 1931; Sino-Japanese War 1937; Tripartite
Pact 1940; Japanese Occupation of French Indochina]
War!
War in Europe 1939-1940 [Poland; Dunkirk; Fall of France; Battle of Britain]
Arsenal of Democracy [Destroyers for bases Deal 1940; Lend Lease 1941]
Undeclared Naval War in the Atlantic [US naval convoys; Sinking of Reuben
James]
US Entry into WW II [Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941]
Land War in Europe [Stalingrad: Normandy Invasion June 1944]
End of the War in Europe [VE Day, May 8 1945]
Naval War in the Pacific [Coral Sea & Midway 1942; Kamikazes; Iwo Jima]
Manhattan Project [Secret Project to build an atomic bomb 1939-45
(Oppenheimer)]
End of the Pacific War [Hiroshima & Nagasaki; Soviet Entry into war; VJ Day
Sept 2 1945]
Home Front
Civil Liberties [Japanese-American Internment (“Legalization of racism”)]
Minorities [African-Americans (Fair Employment Practices Committee;
Hispanic-Americans (Zoot Suit Riots)]
Women [Women as Defense Workers (Rosie the Riveter); Rationing]
Wartime Diplomacy
Grand Alliance [Big Three: FDR, Churchill, Stalin]
Yalta Conference February 1945 [United Nations; Eastern Europe & Poland;
Germany; China; Soviets & the Pacific War]
Potsdam Conference July-August 1945 [Death of FDR; Harry Truman]
Crimes against Humanity [Holocaust; Nuremberg & Tokyo War Crimes
Trials
Cold War
Cold War in Europe
Descent into Cold War [Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech 1946; Truman Doctrine 1947;
Marshall Plan 1947; Berlin Blockade 1948; North American
Treaty Organization NATO; 1949; Warsaw Pact 1955]
Containment Doctrine [George Kennan; C Walter Lippmann; NSC-68]
National Security Act 1947 [Central Intelligence Agency-CIA; National
Security Council -NSC; Dept of Defense]
Cold War at Home: Second Red Scare
The Enemy within [Truman's Loyalty Hearings; House Un-American Activities
Committee (HUAC & Hollywood); Alger Hiss); Soviet spies [Klaus Fuchs;
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg]
McCarthyism [Senator Joseph McCarthy; NC's Speaker Ban]
Cold War in Asia
Chinese Civil War 1945-49 [Nationalists vs. Communists; People's Republic of
China 1949]
American occupation of Japan 1945-51 [Gen. MacArthur]
Korean War 1950-53 [North Korean Attack; United Nations' Police Action;
Chinese intervention; Truman vs. MacArthur; 38th Parallel; Limited
War]
Cold War Continues
Eisenhower [Brinkmanship & Massive Retaliation; Military-Industrial
Complex; Aid to French in Vietnam]
Kennedy & Cuba [Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis Oct: Limited Test Ban
Treaty]
End of the Cold War in Europe 1989
Eastern Europe [Poland (Solidarity); Germany (Berlin Wall 1989)]
Collapse of the Soviet Communism 1991[Breakup of Soviet Union]
Vietnam
War Abroad
First Indochina War 1946-54[French v. Vietminh; Dien Bien Phu]
Eisenhower 1952-60 [Aid to French; Geneva Accords (17th Parallel);
Domino Theory]
Kennedy 1961-63 [Am Military Advisers; "Flexible Response;" Green Berets]
Ngo Dinh Diem [Army of South Vietnam-ARVN; Strategic Hamlets;
Buddhist Protests; Assassination-1963]
Ho Chi Minh [Vietminh; National Liberation Front-NLF; Vietcong-VC)]
Johnson 1963-68 [Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Escalation; Tet Offensive: Mylai]
Nixon 1969-73 [Vietnamization ("Peace with Honor"); Cambodia Invasion I970]
Paris Accords 1973 [Henry Kissinger; Le Duc Tho]
End of War in Vietnam [Saigon 1975; Cambodia (Khmur Rouge)]
War at Home
Supporters/Opponents of VN War [Hawks; Doves; TV & VN]
Student Activism [Teach-ins: Students for a Democratic Society SDS; Kent
State Jackson State 1970]
Nixon & Anti-War Movement [Pentagon Papers; War Powers Act; Watergate]
Vietnam Veterans [Agent Orange; Delayed Stress Syndrome; VN Wall]
Legacies of Vietnam [Carter & Amnesty; Reagan & "the noble cause," VN &
Gulf War 1991, 2003]
The Second Reconstruction: Civil Rights Movement
Race Relations circa 1950 [De jure segregation (Jim Crow laws); De facto
segregation (Housing/Education/Jobs /Northern Ghettos)]
Truman & Civil Rights [Desegregation of the Armed Forces]
Schools & Segregation [Brown v. Board of Education 1954 ("Separate but
equal"): Little Rock School Crisis 1957]
Martin Luther King [Montgomery Bus Boycott: Rosa Parks; Birmingham
1963; March on Washington ("I have a dream speech); Selma; Memphis
1968]
Johnson & Civil Rights [Civil Rights Act 1964; Voting Rights Act 1965; Great
Society & the War on Poverty]
Students & Civil Rights Movement [Greensboro Sit-ins; Student Non-Violent
Cooordinating Committee-SNCC; Mississippi Freedom Summer]
Congress of Racial Equality-CORE [Freedom Rides]
Malcolm X [Black Power; Black Muslims; Autobiography (Alex Haley)
Assassination 1965]
Race Riots [Watts/Detroit,/Newark; ("Fire next time")]
White Backlash [Bakke Decision; Affirmative Action (Caifornia's Proposition
209); Michigan 2003]
South Africa [Apartheid; Nelson Mandela]
"The Times. they are a'changing": Social Change
The Fifties
Truman's Fair Deal [FHA/VA Loans; GI Bill of Rights]
Affluent Fifties [Levittown; Baby Boom; TV Sit-coms]
Youth Culture [Rock 'n' Roll; Elvis Presley; Rebel without A Cause]
Eisenhower & Consensus [Interstate Highway Act 1956; Sputnik 1957]]
Turbulent Sixties
Counterculture [Flower Children; Hippies; LSD; Dr. Timothy Leary;
Woodstock; Rock Music of 60s]
JFK [Green Berets; Peace Corps; Space ("Man on the Moon);" Dallas]
LBJ 's Great Society [War on Poverty; Head Start; Medicare; Medicaid; Aid to
Education]
1968! [Tet Offensive: LBJ; Assassinations (King; Robert Kennedy)]
New Feminism [Woman's Liberation; Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique;
National Organization for Women-NOW; Title VII of 1964 Civil Rights
Act; Equal Rights Amendment 1972; Title IX of Education Amendments
Act (Women & Athletics); The Pill; Roe v Wade (Continuing debate over
abortion]
Native Americans [Indian Civil Rights Movement: AIM; Wounded Knee]
Hispanic Americans [Cesar Chavez & UFW]
Gay Liberation Front [Stonewall Riot 1969; AIDS]
Immigration Reform Act 1965 [Repealed quotas set by National Origins System
1920s; Undocumented Immigrants (California's Proposition 187)]
2006 and Beyond: Continuing Questions
Information Revolution [PCs; Internet]
Wealth & Poverty in America [”The Other America;" Homeless; Katrina]
Environment [Rachel Carson's Silent Spring 1962; Global Warming]
Nationalism: Ethnic & Religious Wars [Yugoslavia]
United States and the War on Terrorism [9/11; Afghanistan; Iraq]
Nuclear Proliferation [WMD (Gulf War (Saddam Hussein); North Korea; Iran]
Globalization [NAFTA; World Trade Organization-WTO]
American Society [Religion and the State (Religious Right); Same Sex
Marriages; the “New” Segregation]